BTEC Level 3 Business Studies. Unit 6: Principles of Management

360 degree appraisal - Gathering feedback from the circle of people that an employees engages with in their job role. This may involves managers, subordinates, colleagues and clients or customers.

Changing job roles - Moving an employee to a different position in the organisation which better matches their skills.

Coaching - An employee is given the opportunity to talk through their own needs with their 'coach' with the aim of deciding on their own targets and methods to achieve them.

External training - Using personnel from outside the organisation to teach employees new skills and knowledge.

Herzberg - He suggested that some factors in the workplace resulted in satisfaction whereas others just prevented dissatisfaction.

Internal training - Using staff from within the organisation to develop skills and knowledge in employees.

Management by objectives - A method where a manager and subordinate agreeing on targets to achieve in a specified time frame and meeting regularly to discuss whether these targets have been met.

Maslow - He suggested that human needs are prioritised in a hierarchy. People will focus on meeting needs lower down in the hierarchy before looking to satisfy the needs of the next level.

Mayo - He believed that people are more motivated when their social needs are met at work.

Mentoring - Pairing employees up with somebody in the next level up in the hierarchy. This relationship may focus on questions directly related to the job role.

Motivation - What drives people to behave in certain ways. In terms of business, this is often applied to understanding what makes people more productive at work.

Motivation theories - Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg Two Factor Theory, Taylor's Scientific Theory and Mayo's management Theory.

Off-the-job training - Any training that takes staff away from their role such as to a specialist training centre.

On-the-job training - When employees start performing the actual job tasks and 'learn as they are doing'..

Outsourcing - Hiring another business to perform certain tasks where the required skills are lacking internally.

Performance appraisal - A structured method for evaluating an employee's performance against the standards of their job description and developing plans to enhance their skills.

Ratings scales - Methods of quantifying the level of skill, quality of work or performance of an employee as part of an appraisal process.

Recruitment - The process involved in finding and hiring suitable workers to fill a job position.

Reskilling - Training workers in a new skill set so they can move position within the organisation.

Restructuring - Changing the roles and responsibilities of members of staff to better match their skills to roles.

Self-appraisal - An employee evaluating their own performance against expectations. They may identify their own strengths, weaknesses and areas for improvement.

Taylor - He believed that people intrinsically avoid work and are only motivated by pay.

Training - The acquisition of skills, knowledge and competencies as a result of teaching. It usually focuses on skills that an employee needs to acquire to fulfil the requirements of their current role.

Training needs analysis - A check on the skills, talent and capabilities of the business to make decisions on the best training to provide that will result in employees performing their best.

Upskilling - Facilitating continuous learning by offering training programmes and opportunities to address any skill shortages.